Is Hammett Correlation of Dipole Moments of mono-Substituted Benzenes Helpful to Distinguish o,p-Directing Groups from m-Directing Groups in an Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution? A Chemical Education Perspective

Cortez Deacetis

If the substituent X is an electron withdrawing group, the resonance structures are as shown in scheme 2. At some point two ortho carbons and the para carbon grow to be partially positively charged and X results in being partly negatively charged. Hence there will be a dipole minute in […]

A Chemical Education Tool for Evaluation of pKa of Proton Dissociation Equilibrium of Any Substituted Benzene (XC6H5)

Cortez Deacetis

The sturdy empirical relation, ρ = (two.four)(two–i), between the Hammett ρ for proton dissociation of many acids and the quantity, “i”, of atoms between the ionizable hydrogen and the ring carbon (Andrew Williams, Absolutely free Energy Associations in Natural and Bioorganic Chemistry, Royal Culture of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2003, p. seventy […]